Ambulance Camper Conversion 101

Why Convert an Ambulance?

Ambulances are built to be rugged, well-insulated, and packed with electrical infrastructure. That makes them a surprisingly great platform for camper conversions.

Built Like a Tank
- Heavy-duty electrical systems and wiring channels
- Reinforced frame and suspension
- Already insulated for extreme temperatures
Stealthy & Unique
- Doesn't look like a typical RV
- Lots of exterior storage compartments
Ready for Off-Grid Power
- Roof space for solar panels
- Plenty of room for batteries & inverters

Pros & Cons of Ambulance Conversions

Pros

Already insulated for extreme temperatures.
Heavy-duty electrical systems and wiring pathways.
Very strong frame and body structure.
Stealthy appearance and unique layout possibilities.

Cons

Lower fuel economy due to weight.
Interior shapes can be irregular and harder to work with.
Heavier vehicle may limit parking or road access.
Original emergency wiring can require careful removal or redesign.

Types of Ambulances

Not all ambulances are built the same. Understanding the different classes helps you know which platform is best for a camper conversion.

Type I Ambulance

Built on a heavy-duty truck chassis with a modular box. Known for durability and strong load capacity. These are great for conversions because the box is fully separate and easy to modify.

Type II Ambulance

Built on a van chassis (like a Ford Transit or Chevy Express). These are smaller, more fuel-efficient, and easier to maneuver, but have less interior space compared to Type I and III.

Type III Ambulance

Similar to Type I, but built on a cutaway van chassis. It has a walk-through design from cab to box, making it convenient for van-life layouts. Offers lots of space and strong electrical systems.

Medium-Duty / Heavy Rescue Units

Larger, commercial-grade ambulances often used for rescue operations. Extremely spacious with strong electrical and storage infrastructure—ideal for large builds, but harder to maneuver.

How to Find an Ambulance for Your Build

Tracking down a retired ambulance is easier than most people think. Many cities, counties, and private EMS companies cycle out their vehicles on a regular schedule, creating a steady supply for conversion projects.

Online Marketplaces

Facebook Marketplace — One of the best places to find retired ambulances at good prices.
Craigslist — Older listings and project vehicles often appear here.
GovDeals — Government surplus auction site; great prices but sometimes higher mileage.
PublicSurplus.com — Many states auction off municipal vehicles here.
eBay Motors — Sometimes features fully decommissioned units from private EMS companies.

Local Sources

Contact local fire departments or EMS agencies directly.
Ask your local city or county fleet services department.
Watch for local auction houses that handle municipal vehicles.

What to Look For

Maintenance records (ambulances are usually well-maintained).
Rust condition, especially on the frame and box floor.
Electrical system condition — even if you plan to redo it.
Diesel vs. gas engine based on your travel needs.
Whether the box and doors are still watertight and structurally solid.

Pro Tip

Many of the best deals never get listed publicly. Calling local EMS stations or fleet managers often leads to early access before vehicles go to auction.

Make It Your Own: Creativity in Ambulance Builds

One of the best parts of converting an ambulance is the freedom to design a space that reflects your style, personality, and the way you want to live on the road.

Design Without Rules

Ambulance conversions don’t follow the same layout expectations as vans or RVs. Because the box is already unique, you can break traditional design rules and create something totally your own.

Use the Space Creatively

From custom cabinets and feature walls to hidden storage or fold-out workbenches, ambulances offer tons of ways to think outside the box. Their square, modular shape makes woodworking and interior building easier than most vehicles.

Showcase Your Personality

Whether you love rustic wood finishes, modern minimalism, or an outdoorsy mountain aesthetic, your build can fully reflect your vibe. This is your home—make it feel like it.

Flexible for Any Lifestyle

Weekend adventurers, full-time nomads, students, and creators all use ambulances differently. Customize your layout to match your daily routines: cooking, working, relaxing, or exploring.

Main Phases of the Build

Every build is different, but most ambulance conversions follow a similar flow:

Planning & Layout
1. Measure interior dimensions
2. Sketch your layout (bed, kitchen, storage)
3. Decide on electrical and water systems
Demolition & Insulation
1. Remove unneeded medical cabinets and equipment
2. Patch holes and seal leaks
3. Add sound deadening and thermal insulation
Electrical & Solar
1. Mount solar panels on the roof
2. Install batteries, inverters, and DC-DC chargers
3. Wire 12V and 120V circuits safely
Interior Build
1. Build the bed platform and storage
2. Add a kitchenette, seating, and workspaces
3. Finish with trim, lighting, and decor

Off-Grid Power Systems

Ambulances are perfect platforms for off-grid electrical setups. Here are the basics of what most builds include:

Solar Panels: 200–600W depending on energy needs.
Battery Bank: Lithium recommended for efficiency and capacity.
DC-DC Charger: Charges batteries while driving.
Inverter: Runs 120V appliances like laptops or induction cooktops.
Shore Power: Optional external plug-in for RV parks.

Heating & Cooling Options

Diesel Heaters: Reliable, efficient, and perfect for cold climates.
Vent Fans: Maxxair or similar fans help cool the rig and manage airflow.
Mini-Split AC: Great for off-grid if paired with large solar.
Passive Cooling: Insulated window covers and roof ventilation help reduce heat load.

Layout Ideas & Floor Plans

Here are some common layout approaches used in ambulance conversions:

Rear Bed Layout: Maximizes storage underneath in a “garage” area.
Side Bench Layout: Great for convertible seating-to-bed systems.
Split Kitchen Layout: One countertop on each side for workspace balance.
Workstation Layout: Ideal for remote workers needing a dedicated desk.

Video Inspiration

Here’s an ambulance conversion walkthrough to give a feel for the possibilities:

Before, During & After

Here is a look at my conversion from the original ambulance to the finished tiny home.

Before Conversion

During Build

After Conversion

My Journey Building This Ambulance

I had wanted to build an ambulance camper for years, but honestly, it was really hard to get started. I didn’t know what I was doing, and that alone kept me from jumping in for a long time. Eventually I just decided it was time. I bought the ambulance, committed to figuring it out along the way, and I’m so glad I did.

There were plenty of frustrating moments. When you're tearing things apart and questioning every decision, it’s easy to wonder if you made a mistake. But doing the work yourself teaches you a lot. You gain confidence, learn new skills, and start to understand how everything comes together.

Something that helped me a ton was leaning on people who had experience like friends, builders, and random people on the internet who had done conversions before. And honestly, YouTube became one of my best teachers. There’s a video out there for almost anything you need to learn.

Looking back, I’m incredibly happy I finally went for it. It’s one of the most rewarding projects I’ve ever done, and now I get to enjoy the finished build while living in it full time knowing I created it with my own hands.